Bincike Kwatankwacin Tsarin Aikin Manhajojin Taswira: Ma'aunin Amfani da Kimanta Ayyuka

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1 Gabatarwa

Haɓaka aikace-aikacen yanar gizo waɗanda ke sarrafa bayanan da aka yiwa alama a ƙasa yana ƙara samun goyon bayan ƙwararrun Tsarin Aikin Manhajoji (APIs) waɗanda ke ba da damar saurin haɓakawa da ingantattun aikace-aikace. Waɗannan APIs suna bautawa masu shirya manhajoji masu matakai daban-daban na ƙwarewa, kuma zaɓin API da ya dace zai iya yin tasiri sosai ga yawan aikin mai haɓakawa da nasarar aikin.

Amfanin API yana da muhimmanci don sauƙaƙe ingantaccen amfani da ayyukan da ake da su. Wannan binciken ya kwatanta manyan APIs guda uku na taswira: Google Maps JavaScript API, ArcGIS API don JavaScript, da OpenLayers JavaScript Mapping Library, waɗanda ke wakiltar ra'ayoyin kasuwanci, ƙwararrun GIS, da na ilimi bi da bi.

2 Tsarin Kwatanta

2.1 Zaɓaɓɓun APIs da Siffofi

Binciken ya bincika siffofi da yawa na kowace API a cikin tsawon shekara guda:

• Google Maps: Siffofi 3.7 – 3.9
• ArcGIS: Siffofi 2.0 – 3.1
• OpenLayers: Siffofi 2.3 – 2.12

2.2 Samfura don Kwatanta

An ƙirƙiro samfuran JavaScript guda uku masu irin wannan aiki ta amfani da kowace API. Samfuran sun aiwatar da mahimman ayyukan taswira guda takwas waɗanda aka gano ta hanyar bincike na shahararrun aikace-aikacen taswira da kuma manhajojin kwas din GIS:

• Sarrafa girma
• Kallon cikakken iyaka
• Kewayawa ta hanyar jujjuya
• Masu sarrafa taswira
• Taswirar bayyani
• Abubuwan da aka yiwa alama a ƙasa
• Haɗin bayanan abu
• Binciken wuri

2.3 Gano Ma'auni

An yi amfani da tsarin Manufa-Tambaya-Ma'auni (GQM) don tsara kwatancin ƙididdiga. Manyan manufofin sun haɗa da tantance tasirin amfanin API akan yawan aikin mai haɓakawa da sarƙaƙƙiyar aikace-aikace.

3 Tsarin Ma'aunin Software

Binciken ya yi amfani da ma'aunin software da yawa don kimanta sarƙaƙƙiyar API da amfani:

Ma'aunin Sarƙaƙƙiya: An daidaita ma'aunin sarƙaƙƙiyar cyclomatic $M = E - N + 2P$ inda E ke wakiltar gefuna, N ke wakiltar nodes, kuma P ke wakiltar abubuwan da aka haɗa, don tantancewar API.

Ma'aunin Girma: An auna girman API ta amfani da:

• Adadin azuzuwan da hanyoyin
• Layukan lambar da ake buƙata don irin wannan aiki
• Makin cikar takardun bayani

4 Sakamako da Bincike

Binciken kwatankwacin ya bayyana bambance-bambance masu muhimmanci a cikin halayen API:

5 Ayyukan da suka danganci

Binciken da suka gabata a cikin amfanin API sun mayar da hankali kan tsarin aikin manhajoji na gaba ɗaya, tare da ƙaramin kulawa ga APIs masu takamaiman yanki kamar ayyukan taswira. Wannan binciken ya faɗaɗa aikin Myers da Stylos (2012) akan amfanin API da binciken McCloskey akan ayyukan yanar gizo na geospatial.

6 Ƙarshe da Ayyukan Gaba

Binciken ya ƙarasa da cewa girman API yana yin tasiri mai muhimmanci ga amfani, tare da ƙananan APIs kamar Google Maps suna ba da damar saurin haɓakawa. Aikin gaba yakamai ya bincika binciken tsayin daka na juyin halittar API kuma ya haɗa da ƙarin ma'auni daban-daban na amfani.

7 Binciken Fasaha

Wannan binciken kwatankwacin na APIs na taswira yana wakiltar gagarumar gudunmawa ga fahimtar amfanin API mai takamaiman yanki. Hanyar bincike, haɗa duka binciken ƙayyadaddun bayanai da kwatancin aiwatarwa, yana ba da ingantaccen tsari don tantancewar API wanda ya dace da ƙa'idodin injiniyan software da aka kafa.

Binciken game da girman API da sarƙaƙƙiya sun yi daidai da ra'ayin Brooks na "mahimmanciyar sarƙaƙƙiya" a cikin ƙirar software. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin babban aikin "Babu Harsashi na Azurfa," ba za a iya kawar da ainihin sarƙaƙƙiya ba, kawai a sarrafa ta. Ƙaramin girman Google Maps API yana nuna mafi kyawun sarrafa wannan mahimmanciyar sarƙaƙƙiya, yana mai da shi mafi sauƙin isa ga masu haɓakawa a duk matakan ƙwarewa.

Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin wannan binciken ta ginu akan ingantattun tsare-tsaren ma'aunin software. Daidaita sarƙaƙƙiyar cyclomatic $C = E - N + 2P$ don tantancewar API yana nuna ƙirƙira na amfani da tsoffin ma'aunin software zuwa yanayin haɓaka yanar gizo na zamani. Ana iya faɗaɗa wannan hanyar zuwa wasu APIs masu takamaiman yanki bin hanyar da aka zayyana a cikin IEEE Standard 1061 don Ma'aunin Ingancin Software.

Bincike kwatankwacin irin wannan yana da mahimmanci don zaɓin fasaha bisa shaida a cikin ayyukan software. Yayin da yanar gizon geospatial ke ci gaba da haɓaka, tare da ƙaruwar muhimmanci a cikin aikace-aikace daga kayan aiki zuwa tsara birane, fahimtar ciniki tsakanin APIs na taswira daban-daban ya zama mafi daraja ga duka binciken ilimi da aikin masana'antu.

8 Aiwarda Lambar

Kwatanta Fara Taswira na Asali:

// Google Maps API
function initGoogleMap() {
    var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
        center: {lat: 38.722, lng: -9.139},
        zoom: 10
    });
}

// OpenLayers API
function initOpenLayersMap() {
    var map = new OpenLayers.Map('map');
    var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.OSM();
    map.addLayer(layer);
    map.setCenter(new OpenLayers.LonLat(-9.139, 38.722), 10);
}

// ArcGIS API
function initArcGISMap() {
    require(['esri/map'], function(Map) {
        var map = new Map('map', {
            center: [-9.139, 38.722],
            zoom: 10,
            basemap: 'topo'
        });
    });
}

9 Aikace-aikacen Gaba

Juyin halittar APIs na taswira yana ci gaba tare da abubuwan da ke fitowa:

• Haɗin 3D da AR: Ingantattun damar gani
• Sarrafa Bayanai na Ainihi: Gudana na geospatial analytics
• Haɗin Koyon Injin: Taswira mai hasashe da gane tsari
• Ƙididdiga na Gefe: Damar taswira mara kan layi don aikace-aikacen wayar hannu
• Ƙoƙarin Daidaitawa: OGC API - Siffofi da sauran buɗaɗɗun ma'auni

10 Nassoshi

1. Myers, B. A., & Stylos, J. (2012). API Usability: A Literature Review and Framework. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.
2. McCloskey, B. (2011). Evaluating Geospatial Web Services. International Journal of Geographical Information Science.
3. Brooks, F. P. (1987). No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering. IEEE Computer.
4. IEEE Standard 1061-1998: Standard for Software Quality Metrics Methodology.
5. Open Geospatial Consortium (2020). OGC API - Features Standard.
6. Google Maps JavaScript API Documentation (v3.9).
7. ArcGIS API for JavaScript Documentation (v3.1).
8. OpenLayers JavaScript Mapping Library Documentation (v2.12).